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Schizophrenia Bulletin 1998 24(3):321-324;
© 1998 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Is Household Crowding a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder?

E. Fuller Torrey, M.D. and Robert H. Yolken, M.D.
Executive Director of the Stanley Foundation Research Programs, Bethesda, MD
Director, Stanley Foundation Neurovirology Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center Baltimore, MD

Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. E.F Torrey, Stanley Foundation Research Programs, 5430 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814

Abstract

Five studies have reported that being born or raised in an urban area is a risk factor for developing psychosis later in life. The authors hypothesize that increased exposure to infectious agents through household crowding might account for this association.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder / epidemiology / crowding


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