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Schizophrenia Bulletin 1998 24(3):399-412;
© 1998 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Facial Expressions of Emotions and Schizophrenia: A Review

Manas K. Mandal, Ph.D., Rakesh Pandey, Ph.D. and Akhouri B. Prasad, M.A.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
Senior Research Fellow Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
Project Fellow, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India

Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. M.K. Mandal, Dept. of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India

It is generally agreed that schizophrenia patients show a markedly reduced ability to perceive and express facial emotions. Previous studies have shown, however, that such deficits are emotion-specific in schizophrenia and not generalized. Three kinds of studies were examined: decoding studies dealing with schizophrenia patients' ability to perceive universally recognized facial expressions of emotions, encoding studies dealing with schizophrenia patients' ability to express certain facial emotions, and studies of subjective reactions of patients' sensitivity toward universally recognized facial expressions of emotions. A review of these studies shows that schizophrenia patients, despite a general impairment of perception or expression of facial emotions, are highly sensitive to certain negative emotions of fear and anger. These observations are discussed in the light of hemispheric theory, which accounts for a generalized performance deficit, and social-cognitive theory, which accounts for an emotion-specific deficit in schizophrenia.

Keywords: Facial emotions / decoding / encoding / subjective reactions


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