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Schizophrenia Bulletin 1999 25(2):349-362;
© 1999 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Cognitive Asymmetry Patterns in Schizophrenia: Active and Withdrawn Syndromes and Sex Differences as Moderators

John H. Gruzelier, M.A., Ph.D., Lesley Wilson, M.R.C.Psych., David Liddiard, B.Sc., Emanuelle Peters, Ph.D. and Lillian Pusavat, M.R.C.Psych.
Professor of Psychology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital London, England
Consultant Psychiatrists, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital London, England
Senior Psychologist, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital London, England
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University College of London London, England

Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. J.H. Gruzelier, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, England

Recognition memory for words and faces was examined in male and female schizophrenia patients for evidence of associations between putative left-right hemisphere asymmetry patterns and active (positive) versus withdrawn (negative) syndromes. Ninety-five normal controls and 104 schizophrenia patients with active, withdrawn, and mixed syndromes or in symptom remission were examined, including an unmedicated subgroup. Memory was poorer in patients than controls, while the remitted group had superior memory to psychotic patients. Active and withdrawn patients showed the hypothesized syndrome-dependent cognitive asymmetries: active (word>faces); withdrawn (faces>words), except active females who showed a word deficit. The results support selective lateralized temporoparietal impairment of either hemisphere in schizophrenia, with laterality related to active (face memory/right-sided impairment) and withdrawn (word memory/left-sided impairment) syndromes, except active syndrome females. These syndrome-related asymmetries moderated the sexually dimorphic asymmetries found in normal subjects. Consideration of individual differences both in sex and syndromes based on activity and withdrawal, and of left and right hemisphere memory modality, may assist in unraveling heterogeneity in schizophrenic cognition. The superior memory of recovered patients indicates thai some memory impairment in schizophrenia is functional.

Keywords: Recognition memory / word memory / face memory / syndromes / activity / withdrawal / sex differences


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