© 1999 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
Measurement of Delusional Ideation in the Normal Population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)
Lecturer in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry London
Senior Lecturer in Psychology, Warwick University Warwick
Professor of Clinical Psychology, Division of Psychiatry and Psychology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas' Hospital, University of London London, United Kingdom
Reprint requests should be sent to Dr. E.R. Peters, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
The Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) was designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population, using the Present State Examination as a template. The multidimensionality of delusions was incorporated by assessing measures of distress, preoccupation, and conviction. Individual items were endorsed by one in four adults on average. No sex differences were found, and an inverse relationship with age was obtained. Good internal consistency was found, and its concurrent validity was confirmed by the percentages of common variance with three scales measuring schizotypy, magical ideation, and delusions. PDI scores up to 1 year later remained consistent, establishing its test-retest reliability. Psychotic inpatients had significantly higher scores, establishing its criterion validity. The ranges of scores between the normal and deluded groups overlapped considerably, consistent with the continuity view of psychosis. The two samples were differentiated by their ratings on the distress, preoccupation, and conviction scales, confirming the necessity for a multidimensional analysis of delusional thinking. Possible avenues of research using this scale and its clinical utility are highlighted.
Keywords: Delusions / schizotypy / questionnaire
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. Varghese, J. Scott, J. Welham, W. Bor, J. Najman, M. O'Callaghan, G. Williams, and J. McGrath Psychotic-Like Experiences in Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Population-Based Survey in Young Adults Schizophr Bull, August 17, 2009; (2009) sbp083v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lundberg, E. Cantor-Graae, G. Rukundo, S. Ashaba, and P.-O. Ostergren Urbanicity of place of birth and symptoms of psychosis, depression and anxiety in Uganda The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2009; 195(2): 156 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Keri, I. Seres, O. Kelemen, and G. Benedek The Relationship Among Neuregulin 1-Stimulated Phosphorylation of AKT, Psychosis Proneness, and Habituation of Arousal in Nonclinical Individuals Schizophr Bull, June 23, 2009; (2009) sbp063v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-d.-G. Dominguez, M. Wichers, R. Lieb, H.-U. Wittchen, and J. van Os Evidence That Onset of Clinical Psychosis Is an Outcome of Progressively More Persistent Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: An 8-Year Cohort Study Schizophr Bull, May 21, 2009; (2009) sbp022v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Lincoln, J. Lange, J. Burau, C. Exner, and S. Moritz The Effect of State Anxiety on Paranoid Ideation and Jumping to Conclusions. An Experimental Investigation Schizophr Bull, May 8, 2009; (2009) sbp029v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Scott, G. Martin, J. Welham, W. Bor, J. Najman, M. O'Callaghan, G. Williams, R. Aird, and J. McGrath Psychopathology During Childhood and Adolescence Predicts Delusional-Like Experiences in Adults: A 21-Year Birth Cohort Study Am J Psychiatry, May 1, 2009; 166(5): 567 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Bentall, G. Rowse, N. Shryane, P. Kinderman, R. Howard, N. Blackwood, R. Moore, and R. Corcoran The Cognitive and Affective Structure of Paranoid Delusions: A Transdiagnostic Investigation of Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Depression Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2009; 66(3): 236 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Kern, S. M. Glynn, W. P. Horan, and S. R. Marder Psychosocial Treatments to Promote Functional Recovery in Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2009; 35(2): 347 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Sharifi, A. Sajjadifar, and H. Amini Psychotic-Like Ideations Among a Group of Young Normal Subjects in Iran International Journal of Social Psychiatry, September 1, 2008; 54(5): 390 - 394. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Miettunen and E. Jaaskelainen Sex Differences in Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales--A Meta-analysis Schizophr Bull, July 21, 2008; (2008) sbn075v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Langdon, P. B. Ward, and M. Coltheart Reasoning Anomalies Associated With Delusions in Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, July 11, 2008; (2008) sbn069v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. A. Morgan and H. V. Curran Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis The British Journal of Psychiatry, April 1, 2008; 192(4): 306 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Collip, I. Myin-Germeys, and J. Van Os Does the Concept of "Sensitization" Provide a Plausible Mechanism for the Putative Link Between the Environment and Schizophrenia? Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2008; 34(2): 220 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. BROOME, L. C. JOHNS, I. VALLI, J. B. WOOLLEY, P. TABRAHAM, C. BRETT, L. VALMAGGIA, E. PETERS, P. A. GARETY, and P. K. McGUIRE Delusion formation and reasoning biases in those at clinical high risk for psychosis The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 191(51): s38 - s42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Allardyce, W. Gaebel, J. Zielasek, and J. van Os Deconstructing Psychosis Conference February 2006: The Validity of Schizophrenia and Alternative Approaches to the Classification of Psychosis Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2007; 33(4): 863 - 867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Uhlhaas, I. Millard, L. Muetzelfeldt, H. V. Curran, and C. J.A. Morgan Perceptual organization in ketamine users: preliminary evidence of deficits on night of drug use but not 3 days later J Psychopharmacol, May 1, 2007; 21(3): 347 - 352. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Bell, P. W Halligan, and H. D Ellis The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience Schizophr Bull, April 1, 2006; 32(2): 366 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. R. Combs, D. L. Penn, J. Cassisi, C. Michael, T. Wood, J. Wanner, and S. Adams Perceived Racism as a Predictor of Paranoia Among African Americans Journal of Black Psychology, February 1, 2006; 32(1): 87 - 104. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Abell and D. J. Hare An experimental investigation of the phenomenology of delusional beliefs in people with Asperger syndrome Autism, December 1, 2005; 9(5): 515 - 531. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. PHILLIPS, P. D. McGORRY, A. R. YUNG, T. H. McGLASHAN, B. CORNBLATT, and J. KLOSTERKOTTER Prepsychotic phase of schizophrenia and related disorders: recent progress and future opportunities The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2005; 187(48): s33 - s44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. HANSSEN, L. KRABBENDAM, R. de GRAAF, W. VOLLEBERGH, and J. van OS Role of distress in delusion formation The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2005; 187(48): s55 - s58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|