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Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000 26(2):275-286;
© 2000 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Maternal Prepregnant Body Mass and Risk of Schizophrenia in Adult Offspring

Catherine A. Schaefer, Ph.D., Research Scientist, Alan S. Brown, M.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Richard Jed Wyatt, M.D., Chief, Jennie Kline, Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Melissa D. Begg, Sc.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Public Health (Biostatistics), Michaeline A. Bresnahan, Ph.D., Research Scientist and Ezra S. Susser, M.D., Dr.P.H., Professor of Public Health (Epidemiology) and Psychiatry, and Head
Kaiser Permanente Research Division Oakland, CA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY
Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, MD
New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Adjunct Professor of Public Health, Sergievsky Center and Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Melissa D
Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
Division of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University and Head, Division of Epidemiology of Brain Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University

Send reprint requests to Dr. C. Schaefer, Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611; e-mail:CAS{at}dor.kaiser.org

This study examined the relation between maternal prepregnant body mass index (BMI) and development of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adult offspring from the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia Study. The study drew on a previously studied cohort of births occurring between 1959 and 1967 to women enrolled in a prepaid health plan. Computerized treatment registries were used to identify possible cases of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders in adult offspring belonging to the health plan from 1981 to 1997. Diagnostic interviews and medical record reviews resulted in diagnosis of 63 cases of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders; these cases and 6,570 unrelated and unaffected cohort members whose mothers also had prepregnancy measures of BMI comprised the sample for analyses. High (≥30.0), compared with average (20.0–26.9), maternal prepregnant BMI (kg/m2) was significantly associated with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders in the adult offspring (relative risk [RR]=2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–6.6), independently of maternal age, parity, race, education, or cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Low (≤19.9) maternal BMI was not associated with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders (RR=1.2; 95% CI 0.64–2.2). Future studies of this cohort will examine factors that may help explain the relationship of high maternal prepregnant BMI with schizophrenia, including nutritional and metabolic factors, toxic exposures, and obstetrical complications.

Keywords: Prenatal risk factors / maternal body mass index / birth cohort


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