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Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000 26(3):603-618;
© 2000 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Three-Factor Model of Schizotypal Personality: Invariance Across Culture, Gender, Religious Affiliation, Family Adversity, and Psychopathology

Chandra A. Reynolds, Ph.D., Adrian Raine, D.Phil., Kjetil Mellingen, M.A., Peter H. Venables, Ph.D., D.Sc. and Sarnoff A. Mednick, Ph.D., D.Med.
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA
Robert G. Wright Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA
National Director, Child Health Project Mauritius
Professor, Department of Psychology, University of York York, England
Professor, Department of Psychology and the Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California

Send reprint requests to Dr. C.A. Reynolds, Dept. of Psychology, SGM 501, MC 1061, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061; e-mail: reynold{at}rcf.usd.edu

Whilst the syndrome approach to schizotypy has recently demonstrated differential correlates of a three-factor model of schizotypal personality, variations in the nature of these factors question a basic assumption of this approach. This study tested competing models of the factor structure of schizotypal personality using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in a sample of 1,201 Mauritians. Factor invariance across gender, ethnicity, family adversity, and religion and across a psychopathologically select group was also assessed. Results suggest that a three-factor model, Cognitive-Perceptual Deficits, Interpersonal Deficits, and Disorganization, underlies individual differences across widely varying groups. Other competing three-factor schizotypal personality models did not fit the data better. It is argued that the three-factor Disorganized model is a well-replicated model of DSM schizotypal personality in community samples but possibly not in some clinical samples.

Keywords: Schizotypal personality / SPQ / factor analysis / cross-cultural comparison


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