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Schizophrenia Bulletin 2001 27(3):443-455;
© 2001 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Studies of Brain and Cognitive Maturation Through Childhood and Adolescence: A Strategy for Testing Neurodevelopmental Hypotheses

Beatriz Luna, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and John A. Sweeney, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Neurobehavioral Studies Program Pittsburgh, PA
University of Illinois at Chicago; School of Medicine; Neurocognitive Assessment and Brain Imaging Program Chicago, IL

Send reprint requests to Dr. B. Luna, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Avenue, Oxford Building Room 743, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: lunab{at}msx.upmc.edu

Although neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia are now widely accepted, there is minimal direct human evidence of dysmaturation in schizophrenia to support this theory. This is especially the case regarding maturational changes during late childhood and adolescence, which immediately precede the typical age of onset of the disorder. By integrating new noninvasive methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging with techniques of developmental cognitive neuroscience, it is now possible to begin systematic research programs to directly test hypotheses of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia. In this article, we describe strategies for characterizing developmental changes taking place during the critical period of adolescence that can elucidate dysmaturation processes in schizophrenia. We emphasize the need for studies characterizing normal development before examining at-risk or clinical populations, and the potential value of using neurobehavioral and neuroimaging approaches to directly characterize the dysmaturation associated with schizophrenia.

Keywords: spatial working memory / inhibition / eye movements / cerebellum / neuroimaging / prefrontal cortex


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