Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on April 26, 2006
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006 32(3):474-485; doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj071
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Cognitive Rehabilitation for Schizophrenia and the Putative Role of Motivation and Expectancies
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio;
3 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles;
4 Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland–Baltimore School of Medicine
1To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: velligand{at}uthscsa.edu
Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) approaches seek to enhance cognitive processes or to circumvent cognitive impairments in schizophrenia in an effort to improve functional outcome. In this review we examine the research findings on the 8 evidence-based approaches to cognitive remediation listed in the 2005 Training Grid Outlining Best Practices for Recovery and Improved Outcomes for People With Serious Mental Illness, developed by the American Psychological Association Committee for the Advancement of Professional Practice. Though the approaches vary widely in theoretical orientation and methods of intervention, the results are, for the most part, encouraging. Improvements in attention, memory, and executive functioning have been reported. However, many persons with schizophrenia are more impaired in real-world functioning than one would expect given the magnitude of their cognitive deficits. We may need to look beyond cognition to other targets such as motivation to identify the reasons that many persons with schizophrenia demonstrate such marked levels of disability. Although a number of current CR approaches address motivation to varying degrees, treating motivation as a primary target may be needed to maximize CR outcomes.
Keywords: cognitive remediation / cognitive rehabilitation / schizophrenia / motivation
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