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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on April 18, 2007
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2007 33(6):1373-1378; doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm032
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Socioeconomic Status at Birth Is Associated With Risk of Schizophrenia: Population-Based Multilevel Study

Shirli Werner2, Dolores Malaspina3 and Jonathan Rabinowitz1,4
2 School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
3 New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016-6484
4 School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: (972)-3-5317567/7736, fax: (972)-3-5347228, e-mail: jr827{at}columbia.edu.

Background: Inconsistent findings obscure understanding the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to test the association between individual and community SES at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Method: Population-based longitudinal follow forward study of a 13-year birth cohort (n = 71 165). Effects of individual and community socioeconomic variables were examined using multilevel regression in MLwiN. Results: Years of education of fathers and mothers, respectively, (0–8 vs 13+ odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, P < .0001; OR = 1.14, P < .001) lower occupational status of fathers (OR = 1.29, P = .036), and poorer residential area SES (OR = 1.26, P = .012) were risk factors for schizophrenia. Conclusions: Individual- and community-level SES at the time of birth are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia.

Keywords: social causation theory / social selection theory / parental education / parental occupation / residential area / multilevel analyses


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