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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on June 11, 2008
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008 34(4):595-604; doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn056
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Published by Oxford University Press 2008.

Manganese-Enhanced MRI: An Exceptional Tool in Translational Neuroimaging

Afonso C. Silva1,2 and Nicholas A. Bock2
2 Cerebral Microcirculation Unit, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Cerebral Microcirculation Unit, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC1065, Building 10, Room B1D106, Bethesda, MD 20892-1065; tel: 301-402-9703, fax: 301-480-2558, e-mail: silvaa{at}ninds.nih.gov

The metal manganese is a potent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that is essential in cell biology. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is providing unique information in an ever-growing number of applications aimed at understanding the anatomy, the integration, and the function of neural circuits both in normal brain physiology as well as in translational models of brain disease. A major drawback to the use of manganese as a contrast agent, however, is its cellular toxicity. Therefore, paramount to the successful application of MEMRI is the ability to deliver Mn2+ to the site of interest using as low a dose as possible while preserving detectability by MRI. In the present work, the different approaches to MEMRI in translational neuroimaging are reviewed and challenges for future identified from a practical standpoint.

Keywords: manganese / magnetic resonance imaging / animal models / brain / contrast agents / brain function / neuronal tracts / brain disease


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