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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on July 29, 2008
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008 34(5):856-874; doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn083
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Affective Traits in Schizophrenia and Schizotypy

William P. Horan1,2, Jack J. Blanchard3, Lee Anna Clark4 and Michael F. Green2,5
2 Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
3 Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742
4 Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
5 VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2240, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA; tel: 310-206-8181, fax: 310-206-3651, e-mail: horan{at}ucla.edu.

This article reviews empirical studies of affective traits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, population-based investigations of vulnerability to psychosis, and genetic and psychometric high-risk samples. The review focuses on studies that use self-report trait questionnaires to assess Negative Affectivity (NA) and Positive Affectivity (PA), which are conceptualized in contemporary models of personality as broad, temperamentally-based dispositions to experience corresponding emotional states. Individuals with schizophrenia report a pattern of stably elevated NA and low PA throughout the illness course. Among affected individuals, these traits are associated with variability in several clinically important features, including functional outcome, quality of life, and stress reactivity. Furthermore, evidence that elevated NA and low PA (particularly the facet of anhedonia) predict the development of psychosis and are detectable in high-risk samples suggests that these traits play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia, though they are implicated in other forms of psychopathology as well. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, etiological models, and future research to advance the study of affective traits in schizophrenia and schizotypy.

Keywords: schizophrenia / schizotypy / emotion / affective traits / review


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