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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on August 6, 2009
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp066
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Who Benefits From Supported Employment: A Meta-analytic Study

Kikuko Campbell1,2, Gary R. Bond3,5 and Robert E. Drake4,5
2 Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275
3 Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH
4 Departments of Psychiatry and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, and
5 Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Lebanon, NH

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 317-274-6942, fax: 317-274-6756, e-mail: kiyamamo{at}iupui.edu.

Aims: This meta-analysis sought to identify which subgroups of clients with severe mental illness (SMI) benefited from evidence-based supported employment. Methods: We used meta-analysis to pool the samples from 4 randomized controlled trials comparing the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment to well-regarded vocational approaches using stepwise models and brokered services. Meta-analysis was used to determine the magnitude of effects for IPS/control group differences within specific client subgroups (defined by 2 work history, 7 sociodemographic, and 8 clinical variables) on 3 competitive employment outcomes (obtaining a job, total weeks worked, and job tenure). Results: The findings strongly favored IPS, with large effect sizes across all outcomes: 0.96 for job acquisition, 0.79 for total weeks worked, and 0.74 for job tenure. Overall, 90 (77%) of the 117 effect sizes calculated for the 39 subgroups exceeded 0.70, and all 117 favored IPS. Conclusions: IPS produces better competitive employment outcomes for persons with SMI than alternative vocational programs regardless of background demographic, clinical, and employment characteristics.

Keywords: supported employment / Individual Placement and Support / severe mental illness / competitive employment / client predictors / meta-analysis


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