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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on September 16, 2009
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp099
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Gray Matter in First-Episode Schizophrenia Before and After Antipsychotic Drug Treatment. Anatomical Likelihood Estimation Meta-analyses With Sample Size Weighting

Meikei Leung2,5, Charlton Cheung2,5, Kevin Yu2, Benjamin Yip2, Pak Sham2,–,4, Qi Li2,–,4, Siew Chua2,–,4 and Grainne McAlonan1,–4
2 Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
3 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
4 Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong
5 These author contributed equally to this work

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +852-28199564, fax: +852-28551345, e-mail: mcalonan{at}hkucc.hku.hk.

Background. Cerebral morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia may be modulated by treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. Comparing brain imaging studies of individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and neuroleptic naive (NN-FES) with that of their neuroleptic-treated counterparts (NT-FES) can help to dissect out the effect of these potential confounders. Methods. We used the anatomical likelihood estimation method to compare voxel-based morphometric studies of NN-FES (n = 162 patients) and NT-FES (n = 336 patients) studies. The analysis included a sample size weighting step based on the Liptak-Stouffer method to reflect the greater power of larger studies. Results. Patient samples were matched for age, gender, and duration of illness. An extensive network of gray matter deficits in frontal, temporal, insular, striatal, posterior cingulate, and cerebellar regions was detected in the NN-FES samples as compared with healthy controls. Major deficits were detected in the frontal, superior temporal, insular, and parahippocampal regions for the NT-FES group compared with the NN-FES group. In addition, the NT-FES group showed minor deficits in the caudate, cingulate, and inferior temporal regions compared with the NN-FES group. There were no regions with gray matter volumetric excess in the NT-FES group. Conclusion. Frontal, striato-limbic, and temporal morphological abnormalities are present in the early stage of schizophrenia and are unrelated to the effects of neuroleptic treatment, chronicity, and duration of illness. There may be dynamic effects of treatment on striato-limbic and temporal, but not frontal, regional gray matter volumes of the brain.

Keywords: meta-analysis / neuroleptic naive / subtraction analysis / brain structure / voxel-based morphometry / ALEn


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