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Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000 26(2):459-477;
© 2000 by Oxford University Press and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MPRC)
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© Oxford University Press

Genetic and State Variables of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A Twin Study

Patricia J. Pardo, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Mary Ann Knesevich, M.D., Assistant Professor, George P. Vogler, Ph.D., Associate Professor, José V. Pardo, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Bradford Towne, Ph.D., Associate Professor, C. Robert Cloninger, M.D., Professor and Michael I. Posner, Ph.D., Professor
University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Sciences Center, Veteran Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis, MN
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX
Pennsylvania State University, Center for Special Populations and Health, University Park PA
University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research Minneapolis, MN, and Director, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit-11 P, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis, MN
Wright State University, School of Medicine, Division of Human Biology Kettering, OH
Washington University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry St. Louis, MO
Cornell University, Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Institute New York, NY

Send reprint requests to Prof. P.J. Pardo, Brain Sciences Ctr., Veteran Affairs Medical Ctr., 1 Veterans Dr., 11-B, Minneapolis, MN 55417.

To characterize the familiality of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, we studied performance on three tasks (visuospatial attention; visuolinguistic conflict, arrow-word; and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]) by monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. The subject sample consisted of six MZ twin pairs, nine DZ twin pairs, and one MZ and one DZ nonschizophrenia cotwin of a patient with schizophrenia. There were two sources of cognitive dysfunction: a nonheritable, state component and a heritable, trait component. Deficits surfaced during the WCST in nonschizophrenia MZ cotwins; this impairment resolved following training in nonschizophrenia MZ cotwins, but not in the probands with schizophrenia, who performed abnormally in all tasks. The results suggest that nonheritable protective factors modulate the specific, plastic, and sometimes subtle neurocognitive deficits related to the schizophrenia genotype.

Keywords: Schizophrenia / cognition / attention / trait / state / Wisconsin Card Sorting Test / neuropsychology


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