Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access originally published online on November 23, 2005
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006 32(1):3-8; doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj028
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.
The Role of Obstetric Events in Schizophrenia
2 Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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What We Already Know |
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It is now well established that obstetric complications or obstetric events increase the risk for schizophrenia. This is a small effect—the pooled odds ratio of the effect of exposure to obstetric complications on the subsequent development of schizophrenia has been estimated to be about 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.6–2.4).1–3 The term "obstetric complications" covers a wide range of events, and for many years researchers have tried to tease apart this association in order to identify the one complication or underlying mechanism that is responsible for the increase in risk. Results from large population-based studies have been pooled to give substantial sample sizes for meta-analysis. Yet no one unifying mechanism has emerged. The most parsimonious approach at present may be to group complications of apparently similar modes of action together. The three "groups" that have emerged from the literature to date are (a) fetal growth retardation, (b) fetal perinatal hypoxia, and
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Fetal Growth Retardation |
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Fetal/Perinatal Hypoxia |
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Prenatal Risk Complications |
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Gene-Environment Interactions and Prenatal Complications
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Embracing Complexity |
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A New Way to Conceptualize Obstetric Complications |
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1To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +353 1 809 3854, fax: +353 1 809 3741, e-mail: maryclarke@rcsi.ie.
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