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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on February 16, 2005
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi018
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Schizophrenia Bulletin vol. 31 no. 1 © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Article

Various Bilateral Olfactory Deficits in Male Patients With Schizophrenia

Claudia I. Rupp 1*, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker 2, Georg Kemmler 3, Harald Oberbauer 4, Arne W. Scholtz 5, Caroline Wanko 6, and Hartmann Hinterhuber 7
1 Assistant Professor, Department of General Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
2 Professor, Head of the Department of Biological Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
3 Biostatistician, Department of General Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
4 Psychiatrist, Department of General Psychiatry, Inns- bruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
5 Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
6 Psychiatrist, Department of General Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
7 Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Claudia I. Rupp, E-mail: claudia.rupp{at}uibk.ac.at


  Abstract

Olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia patients are well documented. Less is known about the functioning of other olfactory domains and the possibility of lateralized dysfunctions. Thirty male schizophrenia patients and 30 male healthy controls underwent unirhinal assessment of various olfactory domains: detection threshold (dimethyl disulfide, phenyl ethanol), quality discrimination, and odor ratings (familiarity, pleasantness, edibility, intensity) of pure chemicals (Munich Olfaction Test), as well as familiarity and edibility judgments and identification of everyday odors. Aside from impaired identification, patients showed impaired familiarity and edibility judgments of everyday odors. With regard to odor ratings of pure chemicals, group differences were observed only in pleasantness ratings, with higher ratings in patients. Furthermore, patients had reduced sensitivity with dimethyl disulfide and reduced quality discrimination compared with controls. Further analyses showed that identification deficits were not attributable to reduced sensitivity but may be associated with impairments in quality discrimination. Olfactory dysfunctions were found across both nostrils. Results suggest specific dysfunctions in olfactory processing in schizophrenia patients, including early stages of the odor identification process.

Keywords: Olfactory identification; olfactory sensitivity; olfactory discrimination; odor judgments; odor ratings; unirhinal.
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