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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on October 27, 2005
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj020
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Article

Therapeutic Effects of Individualized Alpha Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ({alpha}TMS) on the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Yi Jin 1*, Steven G. Potkin 1, Aaron S. Kemp 1, Steven T. Huerta 1, Gustavo Alva 1, Trung Minh Thai 1, Danilo Carreon 1, and William E. Bunney Jr.1
1 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Yi Jin, E-mail: yjin{at}uci.edu


  Abstract

Previous research in clinical electroencephalography (EEG) has demonstrated that reduction of alpha frequency (8-13 Hz) EEG activity may have particular relevance to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) was utilized to investigate this relationship by assessing the therapeutic effects of stimulation set individually at each subject's peak alpha frequency ({alpha}TMS). Twenty-seven subjects, with predominantly negative symptom schizophrenia, received 2 weeks of daily treatment with either {alpha}TMS, 3 Hz, 20 Hz, or sham stimulation bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Individualized {alpha}TMS demonstrated a significantly larger (F 3,33 = 4.7, p = .007) therapeutic effect (29.6% reduction in negative symptoms) than the other 3 conditions (< 9%). Furthermore, these clinical improvements were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.86, p = .001) with increases (34%) in frontal alpha amplitude following {alpha}TMS. These results affirm that the resonant features of alpha frequency EEG play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and merit further investigation as a particularly efficacious frequency for rTMS treatments.

Keywords: alpha rhythm; {alpha}TMS; schizophrenia; EEG; transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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