Skip Navigation



Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on November 30, 2005
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj033
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (Rapid PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
32/1/9    most recent
sbj033v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Craddock, N.
Right arrow Articles by Owen, M. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Craddock, N.
Right arrow Articles by Owen, M. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Article

Genes for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder? Implications for Psychiatric Nosology

Nick Craddock 1 *, Michael C. O'Donovan 1, and Michael J. Owen 1
1 Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales School of Medicine, Cardiff University

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nick Craddock, E-mail: craddockn{at}cardiff.ac.uk


  Abstract

It has been conventional for psychiatric research, including the search for predisposing genes, to proceed under the assumption that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are separate disease entities with different underlying etiologies. These represent Emil Kraepelin's traditional dichotomous classification of the so-called "functional" psychoses and form the basis of modern diagnostic practice. However, findings emerging from many fields of psychiatric research do not fit well with this model. In particular, the pattern of findings emerging from genetic studies shows increasing evidence for an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional classification categories--including association findings at DAOA(G72), DTNBP1 (dysbindin), COMT, BDNF, DISC1, and NRG1. The emerging evidence suggests the possibility of relatively specific relationships between genotype and psychopathology. For example, DISC1 and NRG1 may confer susceptibility to a form of illness with mixed features of schizophrenia and mania. The elucidation of genotype-phenotype relationships is at an early stage, but current findings highlight the need to consider alternative approaches to classification and conceptualization for psychiatric research rather than continuing to rely heavily on the traditional Kraepelinian dichotomy. As psychosis susceptibility genes are identified and characterized over the next few years, this will have a major impact on our understanding of disease pathophysiology and will lead to changes in classification and the clinical practice of psychiatry.

Keywords: schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; psychosis; nosology; diagnosis; classification; genetics.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J PsychopharmacolHome page
Y. Liu, C. Huang, P. Wu, Y. Chang, C. Huang, and H. Lane
Lack of association between AKT1 variances versus clinical manifestations and social function in patients with schizophrenia
J Psychopharmacol, November 1, 2009; 23(8): 937 - 943.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
W. Perry, A. Minassian, M. P. Paulus, J. W. Young, M. J. Kincaid, E. J. Ferguson, B. L. Henry, X. Zhuang, V. L. Masten, R. F. Sharp, et al.
A Reverse-Translational Study of Dysfunctional Exploration in Psychiatric Disorders: From Mice to Men
Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 2009; 66(10): 1072 - 1080.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br Med BullHome page
H. J. Williams, M. J. Owen, and M. C. O'Donovan
Schizophrenia genetics: new insights from new approaches
Br. Med. Bull., September 1, 2009; 91(1): 61 - 74.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
N. C. Venables, E. M. Bernat, and S. R. Sponheim
Genetic and Disorder-Specific Aspects of Resting State EEG Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2009; 35(4): 826 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
S. L. Barrett, C. C. Mulholland, S. J. Cooper, and T. M. Rushe
Patterns of neurocognitive impairment in first-episode bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
The British Journal of Psychiatry, July 1, 2009; 195(1): 67 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
N. Craddock, M. C. O'Donovan, and M. J. Owen
Psychosis Genetics: Modeling the Relationship Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Mixed (or "Schizoaffective") Psychoses
Schizophr Bull, May 1, 2009; 35(3): 482 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
T. Lencz, R. H. Lipsky, P. DeRosse, K. E. Burdick, J. M. Kane, and A. K. Malhotra
Molecular differentiation of schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia using BDNF haplotypes
The British Journal of Psychiatry, April 1, 2009; 194(4): 313 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
P. F. Buckley, B. J. Miller, D. S. Lehrer, and D. J. Castle
Psychiatric Comorbidities and Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2009; 35(2): 383 - 402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
P.-I Lin and B. D. Mitchell
Approaches for Unraveling the Joint Genetic Determinants of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2008; 34(4): 791 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
E. Ivleva, G. Thaker, and C. A. Tamminga
Comparing Genes and Phenomenology in the Major Psychoses: Schizophrenia and Bipolar 1 Disorder
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2008; 34(4): 734 - 742.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
H. M. Haraldsson, U. Ettinger, B. B. Magnusdottir, T. Sigmundsson, E. Sigurdsson, A. Ingason, and H. Petursson
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Val158Met Polymorphism and Antisaccade Eye Movements in Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, June 17, 2008; (2008) sbn064v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
M. Rietschel, L. Beckmann, J. Strohmaier, A. Georgi, A. Karpushova, F. Schirmbeck, K. V. Boesshenz, C. Schmal, C. Burger, R. A. Jamra, et al.
G72 and Its Association With Major Depression and Neuroticism in Large Population-Based Groups From Germany
Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2008; 165(6): 753 - 762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
J. A. Frazier, S. M. Hodge, J. L. Breeze, A. J. Giuliano, J. E. Terry, C. M. Moore, D. N. Kennedy, M. P. Lopez-Larson, V. S. Caviness, L. J. Seidman, et al.
Diagnostic and Sex Effects on Limbic Volumes in Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2008; 34(1): 37 - 46.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
W. Li, Y. Zhou, J. D. Jentsch, R. A. M. Brown, X. Tian, D. Ehninger, W. Hennah, L. Peltonen, J. Lonnqvist, M. O. Huttunen, et al.
Specific developmental disruption of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 function results in schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice
PNAS, November 13, 2007; 104(46): 18280 - 18285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
A. F. T. Arnsten
Catecholamine and Second Messenger Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Networks of "Representational Knowledge": A Rational Bridge between Genetics and the Symptoms of Mental Illness
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(suppl_1): i6 - i15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
R. Dutta, T. Greene, J. Addington, K. McKenzie, M. Phillips, and R. M. Murray
Biological, Life Course, and Cross-Cultural Studies All point Toward the Value of Dimensional and Developmental Ratings in the Classification of Psychosis
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2007; 33(4): 868 - 876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
N. Craddock, M. C. O'Donovan, and M. J. Owen
Symptom dimensions and the Kraepelinian dichotomy
The British Journal of Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 190(4): 361 - 361.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
E. Kuipers, P. Garety, D. Fowler, D. Freeman, G. Dunn, and P. Bebbington
Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Processes in Psychosis: Refining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Persistent Positive Symptoms
Schizophr Bull, October 1, 2006; 32(suppl_1): S24 - S31.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FocusHome page
Abstracts FOR GENETICS AND PSYCHIATRY
Focus, August 1, 2006; 4(3): 346.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Schizophr BullHome page
L. J. Seidman, A. J. Giuliano, C. W. Smith, W. S. Stone, S. J. Glatt, E. Meyer, S. V. Faraone, M. T. Tsuang, and B. Cornblatt
Neuropsychological Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults at Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia and Affective Psychoses: Results from the Harvard and Hillside Adolescent High Risk Studies
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2006; 32(3): 507 - 524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.