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Schizophrenia Bulletin Advance Access published online on August 25, 2006
Schizophrenia Bulletin, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl038
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Article

Familial Aggregation in Skin Flush Response to Niacin Patch Among Schizophrenic Patients and Their Nonpsychotic Relatives

Sheng-Hsiang Lin 1, Chih-Min Liu 2, Shu-Sen Chang 3, Hai-Gwo Hwu 4, Shi K. Liu 5, Tzung J. Hwang 6, Ming-Hsien Hsieh 6, Shi-Chin Guo 7, and Wei J. Chen 6 *
1 Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
3 Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Ju-Shan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
4 Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
5 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
6 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
7 Ju-Shan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Wei J. Chen, E-mail: weijen{at}ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw


  Abstract

Though a reduced flush response to niacin has been found in schizophrenic patients, whether it is a vulnerability indicator to schizophrenia remains little known. We aimed to examine the familial aggregation in niacin flush response among schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic relatives. In a sample of 153 schizophrenia probands, 217 parents, 70 siblings, and 94 normal subjects, 3 concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M) of niacin were applied to the forearm skin and the flush response was rated at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively, with a 4-point scale. Both the heritability for continuous flush scores and the recurrence risk ratios for binary nonflush response in the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients were estimated, and ordinal logistic regression analyses of relatives' niacin response on probands' were further conducted to adjust for potential confounders. The greatest heritabilities ranged from 47% (0.01 M at 10 minutes) to 54% (0.1 M at 5 minutes). The risk ratios of 0.01 M at 10 minutes (ranging from 2.60 for using score 1 or less to 5.06 for using score 0 as nonflush) and 5 minutes (1.66 for using score 0 as nonflush) were significantly greater than one. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analyses further revealed that the association between probands and relatives in niacin flush response remained after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, allergy, tobacco smoking, and coffee drinking. These findings provide support for the potential of niacin flush response as a vulnerability indicator to schizophrenia.

Keywords: nicotinic acid; prostaglandin; heritability; recurrence risk ratio; vulnerability indicator.
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S.-S. Chang, C.-M. Liu, S.-H. Lin, H.-G. Hwu, T. J. Hwang, S. K. Liu, M. H. Hsieh, S.-C. Guo, and W. J. Chen
Impaired Flush Response to Niacin Skin Patch Among Schizophrenia Patients and Their Nonpsychotic Relatives: The Effect of Genetic Loading
Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2009; 35(1): 213 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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